G.R. No. 1162
Date: February 13, 1905
Case Title: The United States vs. Jose Yambao

FACTS:
The defendant, Jose Yambao, was charged with and found guilty of the crime of rape against Maria Pineda, a married woman who was four months pregnant at the time of the incident. The crime was committed at night in the house of the victim. The trial court sentenced Yambao to eighteen years of reclusion (the maximum penalty due to aggravating circumstances), with the accessories under Article 59 of the Penal Code. These accessories included indemnifying Maria Pineda for the value of a torn shirt (3 reales and 12 cuartos), supporting any offspring that might result from the rape, and paying the costs. Yambao appealed the judgment.

ISSUE:
Whether the trial court correctly imposed the civil liabilities, particularly the obligation to support any potential offspring, upon the defendant convicted of raping a married woman.

RULING:
The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction and the principal penalty of eighteen years of reclusion, as well as the indemnity for the torn shirt. However, it modified the civil liabilities.

The Court held that under Article 449 of the Penal Code, the three civil obligations arising from rape, estupro, or seduction are: (1) to endow the injured party, (2) to acknowledge any offspring, and (3) to support the offspring. In this case, since the victim was a married woman, the obligation to endow her was inapplicable. The obligation to acknowledge any offspring was also prohibited by law, as it would disturb family rights and parental authority by introducing a spurious child into a legitimate family.

For the same reason, the obligation to support any offspring was also deemed improper. Requiring the offender to periodically provide support would intrude upon the family’s peace and the legitimate parents’ authority. The Court emphasized that the offender should not be placed in a better position than one who rapes an unmarried woman or widow, who would be subject to all three civil obligations.

To provide adequate civil reparation for the offense against chastity and honordistinct from the property damage (the torn shirt)the Supreme Court set aside the order for support and instead condemned Jose Yambao to indemnify Maria Pineda in the sum of ₱500, Philippine currency. The costs of both instances were also imposed on the appellant, without subsidiary imprisonment due to the nature of the principal penalty. The judgment was affirmed with this modification.