Legal Research

SUBJECT: The Concept of Deviation in Maritime Transport I. Introduction and Definition of Deviation In Philippine maritime and transportation law, deviation refers to a voluntary and […]

SUBJECT: The Law on Carriage of Goods by Sea (COGSA) I. Introduction and Governing Law. The primary law governing contracts for the carriage of goods by […]

SUBJECT: The Rule on Montreal Convention for International Air I. Introduction and Applicability The Montreal Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by […]

SUBJECT: The Concept of Common Carrier by Air I. Introduction and Legal Foundation The concept of a common carrier by air in Philippine jurisprudence is rooted […]

SUBJECT: The Law on Toll Roads and Expressways I. Introduction and Legal Framework The operation of toll roads and expressways in the Philippines is governed by […]

SUBJECT: The Concept of Public Convenience and Necessity I. This memorandum addresses the foundational concept of “Public Convenience and Necessity” (PCN) within Philippine transportation law. It […]

SUBJECT: The Rule on Priority for Existing Operators I. This memorandum addresses the legal doctrine commonly referred to as the “Rule on Priority for Existing Operators” […]

SUBJECT: The Concept of Abandonment of Franchise I. Introduction and Legal Foundation The concept of abandonment of a franchise is a pivotal doctrine in Philippine transportation […]

SUBJECT: The Law on Public Service and Franchising I. Introduction and Legal Framework The operation of public land transportation in the Philippines is governed by a […]